23泰雅族傳統建築 Traditional Atayal Architecture

景點介紹

泰雅族住家功能完備，有家屋、穀倉、豬舍、雞舍、獸骨架、敵首棚及望樓。其材質與型式可分為下列四種型式：
(一)中部穴坑式住家：係半穴式的住屋，以長條形積木橫置為牆，屋頂的材質有頁岩石板、檜木皮底加石板鋪面與木條固定、檜木皮或白茅等。
(二)西部半圓形屋頂住家：四周壁面為積木式，最大特色為半圓形屋頂，材質係拱形木板覆以茅草。
(三)東部竹壁住家：竹材為壁、茅草為頂。
(四)西北部複室住家：竹材為壁面，係唯一有複室隔間的泰雅族建築。

Traditional Atayal houses were fully functional. Each family house comes with a barn, pigsties, chicken coops, animal skeleton racks, sheds for enemy heads and a watchtower. The material used and the house type can be divided into the following four categories:
(1) Central Taiwan: Half-underground house. The house has a half-underground foundation with long-shaped building blocks placed horizontally as walls. The roof is made of slates, and the floor is of cypress veneer and slate pavement, fixed with wooden strips.
(2) West Taiwan: Semi-circular roof house. The walls are in the form of building blocks, and the most prominent feature is the semi-circular roof, which is made of arched planks covered with thatch.
(3) East Taiwan: Bamboo house. House with bamboo walls and thatch roof.
(4) Northwest Taiwan: House with separate rooms. House with bamboo walls, and is the only Atayal building with interior partitions.

望樓
望樓為高架木造建築，由數十根圓木架起，望樓上方有窄小的迴廊，可供眺望，設置地點為部落的入口處或中央，具防禦、監視外敵作用，夜晚由壯丁警戒。後來演變為男女約會、娛樂，與納涼的好地方。

Watchtower of Atayal
The watchtower is an elevated wooden building, erected by dozens of logs. There is a narrow space above the watchtower for look-out. It is located at the entrance or center of the tribe. It is used for defense and surveillance. Later it evolved into a place for leisure or for couples to date.

南山社住家
原建於宜蘭縣大同鄉，為茅草頂與木板壁之半穴式住家，四週豎放許多原木，用以防風，亦可作為材薪。屋內四角各有一竹編床，右側裡面為家中最年長的夫婦之床鋪，左邊為女子與小孩的床鋪。

Traditional Atayal House in Nanshan Village
Originally built in Datong Township, Yilan County, it is a half-underground house with a thatched roof and wooden walls. Firewoods are stacked around the house, which serve as a wind protector. There is a woven bamboo bed at each corner in the house. The bed on the right is for the eldest couple in the family, and on the left is for women and children.

穀倉
傳統穀倉以木為柱，四壁則就地取材，係高架式木板建築。四方的支柱有防鼠板裝置，以防止鼠類偷吃存糧，為原住民智慧的表徵。

Barn
The traditional barn has an elevated plank structure. It has wooden columns, walls made of local materials, and the pillars at each corner are equipped with anti-rat board devices to prevent rodents from stealing the stored food. This shows the wisdom of the indigenous people.

雞舍
高架式建築，以防止野獸侵擾。

Chicken coop
Elevated structure to keep wild animals out.

美巴拉社住家
為西部半圓形屋頂住家，建於平地上，以不規則木條橫放為牆，內、外飾以木條固定，屋頂覆以茅草。

Traditional Atayal House in Meibala Village
The house in the west has a semi-circular roof. It is built on flat ground with irregular wooden strips as walls. The interior and exterior decorations are fixed with wooden strips, and the roof is covered with thatch.