景點介紹

立即體驗數位走讀地圖

灣族分佈廣闊,建材使用因地域性而異;因階級制度明顯,爰聚落貴族與平民家屋差異甚大,為一特色。 貴族家屋前橫楣有雕刻,前庭寬廣,設有臺座,上有神柱,室內中柱與床柱刻有祖先雕像,屋前部床臺與後內壁專放陶罐設計,是平民家屋不會有的設施。

家屋基本上可分為兩種基本型態:
一是石板建造,無論牆砌、庭院、屋頂全使用石材。
大門開於正面偏右或偏左的,入口極小,須低頭始能進入,惟入內後豁然開朗。北、中排灣屬之。
一是以木板或石板為牆面,屋頂覆以茅草。大門開於正面中央或兩側,亦可能有三個入口。南排灣、東排灣屬之。
另牡丹鄉排灣族受漢人影響利用土角為牆。

The Paiwan ethnic group has a wide distribution, and the use of building materials varies according to the region. The northern and central Paiwan use slate stones to build their houses, walls, roofs and courtyards. The house is low and has a small entry which requires bowing your head to enter, but has a spacious interior. The southern and eastern Paiwan use wood or slate for the walls and thatch for the roof. Paiwan people from Mudan Township were influenced by the Han people and hence, they use mud bricks for their walls.

Due to their strict class system, there is a big difference in house designs between the nobles’ and the commoners’. The nobles’ houses have delicate carvings on the door lintel, a spacious front courtyard, and a command platform with an erected sacred pillar. Inside the house there are carved columns of the ancestral spirits and a specific place for earthen pots. These are features that the commoners’ houses would not have.

泰武頭目住家
寬廣前庭與中立高聳石柱為其特色,且僅有頭目家可設石柱。主屋為橫向長條型,建材為石板,入口開於左側,正面窗戶數個利於採光;屋簷下成排木板雕刻是貴族家屋的標誌。
屋內不隔間,而以低矮石板為牆或用石柱、木柱區隔,柱上雕刻祖靈像,為頭目家專利;屋內後半部為儲藏及置物的空間。

Traditional Chief’s House of Taiwu Village
This reconstructed building shows the traditional house of the chief. A chief’s house always has a stone pillar in the center of a wide courtyard. The main house is horizontal, made of slate, and has the entrance on the left. There are no partitions inside the house, the windows on the front facilitate lighting, and the wood carvings under the eaves and on the columns inside the house are symbols of a noble’s house.

南和村祖靈屋
1995年園區舉辦日人鳥居龍藏的百年原住民族影像展,南和村民共襄盛舉,並延請祖靈前來觀賞,從此每到排灣族五年祭,祖靈即到此巡訪。為表達對祖靈之敬重,園區特別於泰武頭目家屋旁興建祖靈屋,供奉當年延請回來的祖靈塑像,並立解說牌以資紀念。

House of the Ancestral Spirits in Nanhe Village
In 1995, an indigenous photo exhibition was held in the park. Some people of Nanhe village participated in the grand event and invited the ancestral spirits to come and watch. Since then, the ancestors visit here during the Five Year Festival. Therefore, the ancestor spirits house is built next to the Taiwu chief’s house to express respect for the ancestral spirits.

佳平社頭目住家
前庭、司令臺,與臺上石柱是典型的頭目住家。
佳平社的司令臺旁高4米寬2米的穀倉,以茅草覆頂、木柱為架;入內後三尊木板祖靈雕像即迎面而來,並將空間區隔為前、後兩部份。祖靈像旁有兩層陶壺架,上掛成排獸骨;穀倉後方為祭祀的場所,頭目家的祭師要在五年祭期間招請該家的祖靈。

Traditional Chief’s House of Jiaping Village
The front courtyard, the command platform and the stone pillar on the platform are typical features of a chief’s house. The barn next to the platform (4 m height x 2 m width) is supported by wooden pillars and covered with thatch. Upon entering the house there are three wooden sculptures of ancestral spirit, which separate the interior into front and rear parts. Next to the statues is a two-layer pottery rack, on which ancient family pottery are placed and rows of animal bones are hung.

內文社頭目住家
建材與平民住家相同,惟空間較大,分為前、後兩部份。正面有二處入口,進入室內後掛著山豬的頭骨的木板牆面迎面而來,左、右側為成排寢床。後室四周均為木板床臺,牆面雕飾精美圖案;呈長方形之大型穀倉座落於最後方,不似中排灣內部配置複雜。

Traditional Chief’s House of Neiwen Village
The materials used on the chief’s house are the same as the commoners’ houses. The only difference is the space size. The interior is divided into front and rear parts. There are two entrances and upon entering the house, there is a wall hung with boar skulls, and beds on both sides of the wall. At the rear end of the house, there is a large grain storage.

牡丹社住家
受漢人影響以角磚砌牆,兩側覆以木板,屋頂覆以茅草,再以竹條壓實。內部分為前、後兩室,床設於入口右側,左側為炊事場,置物架位於爐灶之上,後室牆面為成排穀倉。

Traditional House in Mudan Village
Influenced by the Han people, the walls are built with mud bricks and wooden boards, the roof is covered with thatch, and then compacted with bamboo strips. The interior is divided into front and rear parts, with beds on the right side of the entrance and cooking area on the left. The rear part of the house has rows of grain storages.

草埔社住家
以木板為牆,並以茅草覆頂;前庭有石板立柱三片,上雕有祖靈像、百步蛇紋,與人頭紋;屋內有四張石板床,穀倉在右側後方;最後則為產房及祭壇。祭壇正對入口,位於屋內最後的空間。

Traditional House in Caopu Village
This thatch-roofed house has wooden walls. Three large slate pillars are standing in the front courtyard, which are carved with images of the ancestral spirits, patterns of hundred-pacers and human heads. There are four slate beds inside the house, a storage space on the right side in the back of the house. The delivery room and altar are also at the far back of the house with the altar facing the entrance.

太麻里頭目住家
以木板為牆,並以茅草覆頂;前庭有石板立柱三片,上雕有祖靈像、百步蛇紋,與人頭紋;屋內有四張石板床,穀倉在右側後方;最後則為產房及祭壇;屋內中央有木雕祖靈像三件。

Traditional Chief’s House of Taimali Village
This thatch-roofed house has wooden walls. Three large slate pillars are standing in the front courtyard, which are carved with images of the ancestral spirits, patterns of hundred-pacers and human heads. There are four slate beds inside the house, three wood carvings of the ancestral spirits in the center, a storage space on the right side in the back of the house. The delivery room and altar are also at the far back of the house.

撰稿者:原住民族委員會原住民族文化發展中心

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